This policy component provides general recommendations for the openness of research methods and infrastructures for research organisations, infrastructure providers, funders, publishers, the research community, and other operators.
This policy on open access to research data and methods consists of strategic principles common to the entire policy and two policy components in which objectives and actions are set out for each area. The strategic principles describe general preconditions for the pursuit of open access to research data and methods. They formulate principles that are important for the research community and must be adhered to when implementing openness.
Tässä osalinjauksessa esitetään tutkimusmenetelmien ja -infrastruktuurien avoimuutta koskevia suosituksia tutkimusorganisaatioille, infrastruktuurien tarjoajille, rahoittajille, julkaisijoille, tutkimusyhteisölle ja muille toimijoille.
Tämä tutkimusaineistojen ja -menetelmien avoimen saatavuuden linjaus koostuu koko linjaukselle yhteisistä strategisista periaatteista sekä kahdesta osalinjauksesta, joissa määritellään tavoitteita ja toimenpiteitä kullekin osa-alueelle. Strategisissa periaatteissa määritellään yleiset reunaehdot tutkimusaineistojen ja -menetelmien avoimen saatavuuden tavoittelulle. Ne sanoittavat tutkimusyhteisölle tärkeitä periaatteita, joista on pidettävä kiinni avoimuutta toteutettaessa.
Denna delpolicy innehåller allmänna rekommendationer om öppen tillgång till forskningsmetoder och -infrastrukturer för forskningsorganisationer, infrastrukturleverantörer, finansiärer, utgivare, forskningssamfundet och andra aktörer.
Policyn för öppna forskningsmaterial och -metoder består av strategiska principer samt två delpolicyer som fastställer mål och åtgärder för respektive delområde. De strategiska principerna drar upp generella ramar för strävan efter öppen tillgång till forskningsmaterial och -metoder. De utgör viktiga principer som forskningssamfundet bör hålla fast vid i strävan efter öppenhet.
Open access to research methods and infrastructures
Tutkimusmenetelmien ja -infrastruktuurien avoin saatavuus
Tutkimusaineistojen ja -menetelmien avoimuus
Öppen tillgång till forskningsmetoder och -infrastrukturer
Policy för öppna forskningsmaterial och -metoder
Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:1
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Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:2
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Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:3
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Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:4
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Term:Tutkimusdatan hyvä ja vastuullinen hallinta/en
SectionType:Principle Aineistot
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SectionType:Objective Aineistot
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SectionType:Objective Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus
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Aineistot/en
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SectionType:Objective ROOTPAGENAME
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Menetelmät ja infrastruktuurit/Section:1
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Menetelmät ja infrastruktuurit/Section:2
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Menetelmät ja infrastruktuurit/Section:3
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SectionType:Objective Menetelmät ja infrastruktuurit
Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:7
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Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:5
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Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus/Section:6
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Term:Avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmisto/en
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Term:Kypsä tutkimusmenetelmä tai infrastruktuuri/en
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Term:Tiedon vähimmäisvaatimuksella/en
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Term:Tutkimusmenetelmien ja -infrastruktuurien avoimuus/en
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Term:Tutkimusmenetelmiin liittyviä asiantuntijarooli/en
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Term:Tutkimusmenetelmien ja -infrastruktuurien vastuullinen hallinta/en
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Term:Vapaan ja avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmisto (FOSS, free and open software)/en
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[https://force11.org/info/the-fair-data-principles/ The FAIR principles] refer to the quality of research data from the viewpoint of further use. The goal of the principles is to make research data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable. See Glossary.
The goal of responsible research and innovation is to encourage operators to produce ethically acceptable, sustainable and societally interesting research and innovation outputs. See RRI Tools: [https://rri-tools.eu/research-community RRI Tools: What does RRI mean?]
Aineistot/en# SCITE47160bd664ad86337e83d1ec148c6835
[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949.locale=en UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science (2021)]
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Science Europe (2018): [https://www.scienceeurope.org/media/jezkhnoo/se_rdm_practical_guide_final.pdf Practical Guide to the International Alignment of Research Data Management]
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Software Heritage (2021): [https://www.softwareheritage.org/2022/07/12/research-software-gets-on-stage-in-two-new-european-projects/ Research Software gets on stage in two new European projects]
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[https://faircore4eosc.eu/ FAIRCORE4EOSC (2022)]
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Schindler D, Bensmann F, Dietze S, Krüger F. (2022): [https://peerj.com/articles/cs-835/ The role of software in science: a knowledge graph-based analysis of software mentions in PubMed Central]. PeerJ Computer Science 8:e835.
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See also Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, France (2021): [https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/second-national-plan-for-open-science/ Second French Plan for Open Science. Generalising Open Science in France 2021–2024,] p. 16–19.
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[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949.locale=en UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science.]
Aineistot/en# SCITE0881a2e281488b67f22d8af27b065ce1
[https://openscience.cern/ CERN’s Open Science Policy]
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[https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digital-future/open-science_en The EU’s Open Science Policy]
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Knowledge Exchange’s Fair Data and Software Supporting Reproducible Research (FDSR) group: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tNHin0ZKjikbvHZ6hc3o-UGZv2eBwAxu/view Activity Outline: “Minimum conditions supporting research reproducibility”].
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Ayris, Paul; López de San Román, Alea; Maes, Katrien; Labastida, Ignasi (2018): [https://www.leru.org/publications/open-science-and-its-role-in-universities-a-roadmap-for-cultural-change Open Science and its Role in Universities: A Roadmap for Cultural Change]. League of European Research Universities.
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European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (2018), [https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/1524 Turning FAIR into reality. Final report and action plan from the European Commission expert group on FAIR data]; European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (2020): [https://doi.org/10.2777/986252 Six Recommendations for implementation of FAIR practice by the FAIR in practice task force of the European open science cloud FAIR working group]. See also European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Mendez, E., Lawrence, R. (2020): [https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/00139 Progress on open science: towards a shared research knowledge system. Final report of the open science policy platform], Lawrence, R. (editor).
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[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/1024/oj Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council on open data and the re-use of public sector information]
European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (2016): [https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/524573 European charter of access for research infrastructures. Principles and guidelines for access and related services].
Also EU Open Science Policy encourages early sharing of research outputs.
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OpenAIRE (2020): [https://www.openaire.eu/open-science-in-horizon-europe-proposal Open Science in Horizon Europe proposal]
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[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949.locale=en UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science].
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[Finnish Board on Research Integrity TENK: [https://tenk.fi/en/research-misconduct/responsible-conduct-research-rcr Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR)].
ALLEA – All European Academies (2017): [https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/ European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity].
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See e.g. Strasser C, Hertweck K, Greenberg J, Taraborelli D, Vu E (2022): [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010627 Ten simple rules for funding scientific open source software]. PLoS Comput Biol 18(11): e1010627.
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See e.g. van Eijnatten, J., Barker, M., Azzarà, V., Bakker, T., Katz, D.S, Martinez-Ortiz, C., Cruz, M. J. & Pang, V. (2022): [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7330542 Amsterdam Declaration on Funding Research Software Sustainability (0.2)].
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[https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2021/20210713 Act on the Re-use of Research Materials Produced through Public Funding]: “The publisher of research data shall allow the use of research data for commercial or non commercial purposes. – – The use of research data shall be free of charge.”
[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/1024/oj Directive (EU) 2019/1024.]
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National Open Science and Research Coordination: [https://avointiede.fi/en/policies Policies].
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[National Open Science and Research Coordination (2022): [https://doi.org/10.23847/tsv.441 Open science recommendation and checklist for research, development and innovation activities in collaboration between research organisations and companies]
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The use of non-commercial (NC) clause in licenses has been generally discouraged in research recommendations. Determining commercial usage is problematic; making the NC clause is unclear and may remarkably discourage further use. See e.g. Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research (FOSTER) [https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/sites/default/files/pdf/3773.pdf FAQ] and [https://www.clarin.eu/content/clic-public-and-open-licenses CLARIN-ERIC license instructions].
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This is also stated in [https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digital-future/open-science_en the EU’s Open Science Policy].
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Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA, 2022): [https://coara.eu/agreement/the-agreement-full-text/ Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment].
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National Open Science and Research Coordination, Finland (2020): [https://doi.org/10.23847/isbn.9789525995282 Good practice in researcher evaluation. Recommendation for the responsible evaluation of a researcher in Finland].
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Council of the European Union (2022): [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/56958/st10126-en22.pdf Conclusions on Research Assessment and Implementation of Open Science]. See also CoNOSC (2022): [https://conosc.org/s-u-m-m-a-r-y-of-2022-os-council-conclusions/ Summary of the European Council Conclusions on Research Assessment and Implementation of Open Science].
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CoARA (2022): [https://coara.eu/agreement/the-agreement-full-text/ Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment].
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See also [https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digital-future/open-science_en the EU’s Open Science Policy] that highlights the need for new indicators that can be used to merit researchers' efforts on open science.
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See e.g. [https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/en/services/data-management-guidelines/copyright-and-agreements/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive].
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Protocols.io: [http://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bnknmcve How to make your protocol more reproducible, discoverable, and user-friendly].
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See e.g. [https://www.dmptuuli.fi/ DMPTuuli].
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Initiating a dialogue with the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (TENK) could help to clarify and strengthen the role of openness as an element of research integrity.
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The development of education and skills towards this goal is also one element in [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digital-future/open-science_en the EU’s open science policy].
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Academy of Finland [https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/1-tutkimusrahoitus/4-ohjelmat-ja-muut-rahoitusmuodot/4-tutkimusinfrastruktuurit/roadmap-for-finnish-research-infrastructures-20212024.pdf Roadmap for Finnish Research Infrastructures 2021–2024].
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European Commission (2016): [https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/524573 European charter of access for research infrastructures].
Aineistot/en# SCITEc8d4f123b84ad72acec28b7b0cd40c67
[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:32009R0723 Rules for creating a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC): Regulation (EC) No 723/2009.]
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[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:32009R0723 Rules for creating a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC): Regulation (EC) No 723/2009].
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[http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/1173/oj Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 on the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU)].
Aineistot/en# SCITEe45558ac41b3396569cf0c99c207b99e
[https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/1-tutkimusrahoitus/4-ohjelmat-ja-muut-rahoitusmuodot/4-tutkimusinfrastruktuurit/roadmap-for-finnish-research-infrastructures-20212024.pdf Academy of Finland Roadmap for Finnish Research Infrastructures 2021–2024].
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Academy of Finland: [https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/1-tutkimusrahoitus/4-ohjelmat-ja-muut-rahoitusmuodot/4-tutkimusinfrastruktuurit/tik-linjaus-kansallisten-tutkimusinfrastruktuurien-hallinnollisen.pdf Tutkimusinfrastruktuurikomitean (TIK) linjaus: Kansallisten tutkimusinfrastruktuurien hallinnollisen omistajuuden tunnusmerkit].
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Academy of Finland: [https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/1-tutkimusrahoitus/4-ohjelmat-ja-muut-rahoitusmuodot/4-tutkimusinfrastruktuurit/tik-linjaus-kansallisten-tutkimusinfrastruktuurien-hallinnollisen.pdf Tutkimusinfrastruktuurikomitean (TIK) linjaus: Tutkimusinfrastruktuurien rahoituksen tunnusmerkit].
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All research infrastructures that are on the national roadmap have an explicit data management policy; see Academy of Finland: [https://www.aka.fi/en/research-funding/apply-for-funding/how-to-apply-for-funding/az-index-of-application-guidelines2/data-management-plan/data-management-policy--research-infrastructures/ Data management policy for research infrastructures].
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National Open Science and Research Coordination, Finland (2020): [https://doi.org/10.23847/isbn.9789525995282 Good practice in researcher evaluation].
National Open Science and Research Coordination: [https://avointiede.fi/en/policies/recommendations-open-science-and-research-finland Recommendations of open science and research in Finland].
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Responsible Research: [https://vastuullinentiede.fi/en/responsible-research/responsible-assessment Responsible assessment].
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Existing services, such as [https://research.fi/en/ research.fi] and [https://openiris.io/ OpenIRIS], and openness of research infrastructures shall be considered as part of this work.
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In some cases, dedicated plans can be considered; see e.g. Science Europe Open Science work group developing national guidelines for software management plans (SMP; [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TjUxWOPKQbkxDX7rUU-hIFB2ifNsvJGi2orNHh9mTeA/edit#heading=h.3ydtwj3x43q8 open draft]).
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Professional roles and career paths will be aligned with the outputs of the European project [http://doi.org/10.3030/101058527 Skills4EOSC].
Aineistot/en# SCITE072ce56550f633760687ca1bbbb2110c
Ammatilliset roolit ja urapolut sovitetaan yhteen eurooppalaisen [http://doi.org/10.3030/101058527 Skills4EOSC-projektin] tuotosten kanssa.
Including, but not limited to, developing citation practices and, where applicable, the use of FAIR, machine actionable, and open licenses according to the [https://opensource.org/osd Open Source Definition].
Aineistot/en# SCITE6cd43afa873d15eb20799158c0b2b110
Plesser, H. E. (2018): [http://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2017.00076 Reproducibility vs. Replicability: A Brief History of a Confused Terminology.]. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 11:76.